Yasunori Miura
(Yamaguchi University, Japan)

1. From lunar samples, nano-particles of Fe-carbonate (siderite) are obtained in the ASEM study, which are relicts of higher temperature to be related with magnetism of the lunar surface and interior. The previous reports of iron metals should be checked with carbon detection. 2. To be discuss with lunar and planetary core compositions in detail, plessite area of the Kuga iron meteorite indicates of carbon contents. In fact new grains of carbon and Fe carbide (cohenite) are found in solid state, which can discussed in carbon-bearing phases of lunar core and planetary fluid and solid cores. 3. Strong magnetic properties of the Apollo lunar samples indicate that there are significant relation with iron and carbon to produce Fe-carbonates and Fe-carbides as non-magnetic phases, which are change to magnetic phases of magnetite and cohenite carbide. 4. Magnetic changes on the impact sites and interior are discussed by formations of carbon-bearing phases on lunar and planetary surfaces and interiors, respectively. Reaction gas and fluids are excluded out as volcanic gas and fluids at cyclic system of planetary bodied of the solar system. 5. Present new data will be significant view-points to explain the origin of the lunar and planetary magnetism.

Lev Novikov
(Moscow State University, Russia)

Nanomaterials surpass traditional materials for space applications in many aspects due to their unique properties associated with nanoscale size of their constituents. This superiority in mechanical, thermal, electrical and optical properties will evidently inspire a wide range of applications in the next generation spacecraft intended for the long-term (~15-20 years) operation in near-Earth orbits and the automatic and manned interplanetary missions as well as in the construction of inhabited bases on the Moon. Nanocomposites with nanoclays, carbon nanotubes and various nanoparticles as fillers are one of the most promising materials for space applications. They may be used as light-weighted and strong structural materials as well as functional and smart materials of general and specific applications, e.g. thermal stabilization, radiation shielding, electrostatic charge mitigation, protection of atomic oxygen influence and space debris impact, etc. This paper deals with physical fundamentals of nanocomposite structure and properties, their classification and the peculiarities of different classes, and the main potential applications of these materials in the next generation spacecraft.

Yu-Liang Chen
(National Defense University, Taiwan)

Metallic foams are potential materials for light-weight sandwich structures with core and energy absorption device, especially for impact loading. They are used as impact absorbers in crash and blast protection due to their unique constitutive behavior. This study presents three-dimensional finite element model that investigate the performance of a range of novel aluminum foam sandwich structures when subjected to normal impacts by NATO 7.62 mm rounds. The simulation used an explicit integral method of FEM program LS-DYNA 3D to proceed the work. In the experiment, tests were undertaken on sandwich structures based on the variation of different layers,different ratio of thickness of aluminum foam and aluminum plates, etc. In simulation analysis, the penetration as well as the evaluation of energy absorption and stresses distributions within the impact zones highlight ballistic impact phenomena. The ballistic limit velocity of the sandwich structures are obtained from ballistic tests, which was predicted using a simple analytical model. It has been shown that the predictions of the model are in good agreement with the experimental data.